Reflection of Document Designer

It is known that as a document designer, there is a lot of considerations when creating an appropriate document. According to (Shriver 1997), the document designer must understand the importance of the cultural knowledge and context involves of the values, beliefs, and attitudes of society. Such considerations are significant in a way of connecting to the readers' habit to ensure they can be able to engage into the publishing content.

In this technology revolution environment, internet are becoming famous as majority of the people are engaging into the internet to look for information such as news. People are more preferably to use internet rather than using printing documents especially when using video to read news. In addition, a combination of both words and images are of significance to convey effective message as an image, different verbal text would imposes a new mode of control over meaning, and turns the image into a more powerful and codified public language (Kress & van Leeuwen, 1988, p.27).

Hence, it is not an easy task to create an effect document as it comprises of a lot of knowledge to be consider where the people are now getting more knowledgeable in this generation.

References:

Kress, G & van Leeuwen, T 2005, Chapter 1: The Semiotic Landscape: Language and Visual Communication, Reading Images, pp. 16-44.

Schriver, KA 1997, Chapter 6: The Interplay of Words and Pictures, Dynamics in Document Design: Creating Texts for Readers, pp. 361-441.

News - The Video communication

These day, people are getting more busy and have no time to actually get themselves into a long news article and that's why online video is getting more preferable to cover news. Among the entire population, the internet is now on par with newspapers as a major source of campaign news.

(Source: PR Web)

According to Douglas Simon (2011), the D S Simon Influencers Survey of online media is now officially become a video program and network. From the survey they found out that 85% of the TV stations, radios stations, magazines, newspapers and bloggers are using video on their sites and this has increase a 33% from last year. However, this trend will be continue and 79% of them will be using more video online by media.

It cannot be deny that video is a better channel to communicate message to the audiences as video technology is appearing to transform the nature of visual conduct. It is definitely great for monetization, with whether pre-or post-roll ads and more as the population now are the leading the way in their consumption of online video. Anne R. Owen and James A. Karrh (1996) pointed video news releases represent the future of publicity in a video age and provide broadcasters a convenient source of needed video which as well offer sponsoring firms to get on the news at a cost less than that of comparable advertising time.

My opinion toward the incident is that the shift from textual communications to video communications generate the opportunity for the audiences to easily understand the news and in this technology advances society, it is better to encourage the population to engage with the internet.

References:

Megan O'Nell (3th May 2011), '85% of Media Website Now use Online Video To Cover News', Social Times, Your Social Media Source, <http://socialtimes.com/85-of-media-websites-now-use-online-video-to-cover-news_b60505>

Anne R. Owen and James A. Karrb (1996), 'Video News Relaease: Effects on Viewer Recall and Attitudes', Public Relation Review, Vol. 22, pp. 369-378, <http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/science?_ob=MiamiImageURL&_cid=272104&_user=170565&_pii=S0363811196900296&_check=y&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=28-Feb-1997&view=c&wchp=dGLzVlk-zSkWz&md5=b5cdf3e909d423dde7e53252579d8e2a/1-s2.0-S0363811196900296-main.pdf>.

Ethnic Diversity Country- The Conflicts of Ads

Part of the difficulty and problem issue of advertising in a multi-ethnics country is to consider various of the cultural views for each ethnics. A country like Malaysia which perceives as full of civilization country become an issue for the publication media to be aware and cautious of when deciding a publish of advertisement before a bundle of discontentedly would be seen in the social media such as Facebook and Twitter.

According to Yow (2011), the Ramadan ad designed to encourage the Non-Muslim to appreciate and well disciplined during the Month in a way of respecting to the grave festival. However, the ads doesn't impact any positive outcome but has increasing the dissatisfaction of the non-Muslim community.

Ramadan Ad 2011 (Source: YouTube)

The use of multiple languages, and the practice of different religions are significant factors in Malaysia. In my opinion, the Ramadan Ad failed to achieve their ad's objective is due to the inappropriate way of transforming the message to the community. According to Kress and TheoVan Leeuwen (1998), the relative importance of psychological and physiological as against cultural and social factors are significant as always, cultures provide particular training for readers. Non-Muslim might not have the intention to read or understand the ad as the way they perceive in such a way of cultures is different.

Apparently, the widespread of internet uses for social networking like Facebook and Twitter could generate a lot of comments from the community of discussing the boundaries of nationality because we are living through this upheaval social media environment. This is where community has placed their opinions whether it is positive or negative towards the ad.

Thus, the way that the document is design has to be taken into concern to make sure the message communicate could stimulate the readers. As according to Putnis, Peter and Petelin, Roslyn (1996), the basis of social view is the knowledge created through the interaction of individuals in their culture, personal circumstances in which to the living structure of attitudes and values.

References:

Kress, Funther and van Leeuwen, Theo (1998), 'Front Pages: (The Critical) Analysis of Newspaper Layout',Approaches to Media Discourse, Blakwell, No. 8.2, Pp. 287.

Yow, HC 2011, Media Prima Pills Out 'Racist' Ramadan Ads, The Malaysian Insider, viewed 5 November 2011,

<http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/print/malaysia/media-prima-pulls-out-racist-ramadan-ads>.

Putnis, Peter and Petellin, Roslyn (1996), 'Writing to Communicate', Professional Communication: Principles and Applications, Sydney, Ch. 7, pp. 223-263,

Plagiarism - The Cut and Paste Ethics

In today revolution, it is command for us to refer to the digital sources from the internet in doing our work especially for the students. By accessing to the copyrighted materials from the internet could assisting students to generate more ideas and materials also help to stand by their standpoint. However, it is also possible for plagiarism to occur if copyright is accessing in an inappropriate way and this is what

Always, plagiarism and copyright infringement are being misconceptions. According to K.Matthew Dames (2007), the differences between copyright and plagiarism is that copyright is a set of laws and the illegal use of protected works without license or purchase, whereas, plagiarism is an action of stealing or passing off other's words or ideas without editing and crediting the sources. Certainly, this is a serious corruption of academic life.

Students will be indirectly incited of rationalize their cheating behavior and impede the youngest to be creative and impact on their ideation. From the perspective of being ethical, it has to be take into account when developing and implementing institutional learning (Chris Park, 2003). More critically, it becomes a problem in everyone but not only students where people now is accessing to the internet text without using their own critical thinking.

In my opinion, it couldn't be a problem for students to use internet sources as references where it assisting and encouraging students improve their reading and understanding skills since they uses the sources to support in their argument. However, students have to be strictly advice the appropriate way when referring to the internet materials.

Therefore, Foster (2002) outlined teachers are required to contribute students' work to services such as Turnitin.com as it is to believe that preemptive education is the most effective way to prevent plagiarism, yet ensutring that students' works are not copy paste from the internet.

References

K. Matthew Dames (2007), 'Understanding Plagiarism and How It Differs from Copyrights Infringement', Computers in Libraries, Vol. 27, pp. 3, <http://web.ebscohost.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=f4ef8c8a-ea6c-49a6-bd8f-806b1bc378ac%40sessionmgr4&vid=4&hid=126>

Chris Park, 2003, 'In other People's Words: Plagiarism by University Students- Literature and Lessons', Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 28, No. 5, <http://www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/gyaccp/caeh_28_5_02lores.pdf>

Andreal L. Foster (2002), 'Plagiarism- Detection Tool Creates Legal Quandary', Information technology, The Chronicle of Higher Education, <http://www.immagic.com/eLibrary/ARCHIVES/GENERAL/CHRON_HE/C020517F.pdf>.

Claims of Female Discrimination in Media

Female Discrimination is still carried on by many of the people especially from the perspective of media context. In this 21st Century, female has to be respected and both female and male needed to be view as egalitarianism.

(Source: Di Tzetung, <http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/5/10/1305018716706/Hillary-Clinton-was-airbr-007.jpg>

(Source: Original picture from White House, <http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/5/10/1305021107362/Obama-Biden-Clinton-and-t-007.jpg>

It is clear that the editor of the New York Newspape- Di Tzetung has partial opinion toward female where this raises unfairness of feminist. From the findings referring to photography, Luebke, 1989 stated that message that is being communicating is that men are active, powerful, and important than women where it indicates that women are inactive, subordinate or unimportant. Additionally, Shifflett. B (1994) further suggested that with photographs, the proportion of the space for women decreased from 1988 to 1991 where 65% focused on men and 16% focused on women. All these are because women image in the mass media have some sort of detrimental impact upon both individual consciousness and collective social life (Gaye Tuchman, 1979, pp.528).

Women seem to have the same stereotypes as men do. As according to Julia T. Wood (1997), media pervade our lives, the ways they misrepresent genders may distort how we see ourselves and what we perceive as normal and desirable for men and women. However, Di Tzetung emphasized that women should be appreciated in terms of their capabilities but not their appearance.

In examining the images of women and men in news photographs, I personally think that the account on the prejudice to women in photographs is needed to be mending in respect to women authority and status. Not only that, ethics is an inherently subjective field. As a professional’s approach, the photojournalist must capture the truth and must not alter their photographs by recreate a situation as well as telling the truth because the meaning of an image can be manipulated through use in a false context or no context (Daniel R. Bersak, 2006).

References

Duncan, M.C. (1990), ‘Sports Photographs and Sexual Difference: Images of Women and Men in the 1984 and 1988 Olympic Games,’ Sociology of Sport Journal, Vol.7, pp. 22-41

Luebke. B (1989), ‘Images of Women and Men in newspaper photographs,’ Sex Roles, Vol. 20, pp. 121-133, <http://www.springerlink.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/content/t147g6x1918r3643/fulltext.pdf>.

Shifflett. B (1994), ‘Gender Equity in Sports Media Coverage: A Review of the NCAA News’, Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Vol. 18, pp. 144, <http://jss.sagepub.com.ezlibproxy.unisa.edu.au/content/18/2/144.full.pdf+html>

Gaye Tuckman (1979), ‘Women’s Depiction by the Mass Media’, The University of Chicago Press, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 528-542, <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3173399>.

Julia T. Wood (1997), 'Chapter 9: Gendered Media: The Influence of Media on Views of Gender', Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture, pp.231-244, <http://www.udel.edu/comm245/readings/GenderedMedia.pdf>.

Daniel R. Bersak (2006), ‘Ethics in Photojournalism: Past, Present, and Future’, S.B. Comparative Media Studies & Electrical Engineering/Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology, .

The Guardian 2011, ‘Orthodox Jewish Paper Apologises for Hillary Clinton Deletion’, Associated Press, 10 May, viewed 5 November 2011, <http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/may/10/jewish-paper-apologies-hillary-clinton>.

Screen vs. print document design

From the point of view of Jakob Nielsen (1997), really good writing- you don’t see much of that on the web. Meaning to say that people usually do not read on the web, they just simply scan through the information in the web. This might due to a lot of reasons such as the improper way of the designation of the web. In terms of scanning document, it involves elements like headings, fonts, bold, italic, colours, font size, bulleted list, table of contents and etc. It is good to include hyperlink as this provide an easy way for readers to get information.

However, too much hyperlinks would also brought negative outcome because it might distract people concentration in focusing in one part. Additionally, text should be scannable and concise so that it wouldn’t take too much of the readers time to scan through the text. When talk about graphics, it must have complement with the content.

Screen Document

Print Document

References:

John Morkes and Jakob Nielsen(1997), Conciese, scannable, and objectives: how to write for the web, useit.com, Viewed 26 August 2011, <http://www.useit.com/papers/webwriting/writing.html>

Reep, Diana C 2006, Technical Writing: Document Design, CH.6, pp133-172

News forms of media publishing

The combination of digital convergence, the speedy development in personal computing and global networking has changed the communication environment into a new technology era. The trendiest social networking now is Facebook. Facebook has more than 750 million active users around the world. This social networking service could allow users to connect with each other, get various kind of information like news and etc. Besides, another major use of Facebook is to open up a page organizing by workplace, universities, companies and other characteristics in order to allow people to acknowledge the information. Other than that, we can see there were a lot of online selling page in Facebook. These included cloths boutiques, accessories, hand phone accessories and etc. People are now busy enough to actually spend time to go for the shopping mall as there are issues like traffic jamming, finding parking, and so forth. Hence, most of the people are now rather to make purchases from online website and whatever blog page. Below is the example for the online businesses that can be found in Facebook.

Reference:

Social networking page

< http://www.facebook.com/MOBILE.ACCESSORIES>